Results underscore the multidimensionality of gender.Īlthough demographers have long recognized the role of culture in shaping demographic behaviors like marriage, childbearing and intra-household relationships, in spite of its tremendous promise ( Fricke 2003), incorporating culture in demographic analysis is fraught with challenges ( Hammel 1990). However, religious differences are absent when attention is directed at private behaviors such as household decision making power, gender segregation within households, and discrimination against daughters. Results indicate that Muslim women are more likely to engage in veiling and less likely to venture outside the home for recreation and employment.
Building on the theoretical framework of “doing gender”, it argues that because communal identities are expressed through externally visible behaviors, greater religious differences are expected in external markers of gendered behaviors and family norms. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 30,000 Hindu and Muslim women, this study compares the daily public and private behaviors of women in India to examine how gender and family norms are shaped in the context of communalized identity politics. Prior research on fundamentalist religious movements has focused attention on the complicated relationship between gender, family and religion.
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